We have grown lettuces, chard, spinach, New Zealand spinach, kale, collards, arugula, pea shoots, basil, and oregano, all indoors and in yoghurt containers. Nadamayi's pick for the two most prolific lettuce varieties are baby oak leaf and Amish deer tongue. The Genovese basil has been the most successful of the basils.
Supplies you will need are containers, soil, seeds, and fertilizer. We use potting soil from a local garden supply center and sometimes supplement that with our own compost, but the compost is not a necessity.
As we showed before with turf sprouting, we used a mix of liquid seaweed and liquid worm castings. We mix one tablespoon of each per gallon of water. This is used to dampen the potting soil, and it is used once a week to feed the plants.
A Side Note:
When Phil was at the ashram, some mornings he would do tulsi seva — helping to water, feed, and pinch off parts of the tulsi plants for garlands. They would feed the tulsi plants once a week with manure tea, using the manure from the ashram cows.
Your choice of vegetable seeds is very important. You can go to this link for more details.
